Information and Communication Technology (ICT)’s Dual Role in Work-From-Anywhere (WFA) Arrangements: A Thematic Review of the Paradox of Connectivity
Abstract
Adopsi global Work-From-Anywhere (WFA) yang cepat, dimungkinkan oleh teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK), mengubah organisasi kerja. Dipandu oleh pertanyaan tentang bagaimana TIK sekaligus meredakan dan memperburuk tantangan WFA, tinjauan literatur tematik ini menyintesis 40 studi peer-reviewed yang dipilih melalui proses penyaringan hibrida dengan bantuan Scopus AI dan panduan SPIDER. Kami mengembangkan kerangka integratif yang mengidentifikasi empat domain ambivalensi teknologi yang saling terkait: (1) teknologi komunikasi yang meningkatkan kolaborasi sekaligus menumbuhkan budaya selalu terhubung; (2) alat manajemen batas yang menawarkan fleksibilitas sekaligus meningkatkan telepressure; (3) infrastruktur digital yang mendukung kesejahteraan sekaligus berkontribusi pada kelelahan digital; dan (4) faktor kontekstual yang memoderasi efek tersebut secara berbeda. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa dampak TIK tidak ditentukan oleh teknologi, melainkan muncul dari interaksi antara keterjangkauan alat, kebijakan organisasi, praktik kepemimpinan, dan keadaan individu. Tinjauan ini memajukan teori paradoks dengan mengonseptualisasikan peran ganda TIK sebagai ketegangan inheren yang perlu dinavigasi, bukan masalah yang harus diselesaikan. Studi ini berkontribusi pada model Job Demands-Resources dengan memosisikan TIK sebagai sumber daya sekaligus tuntutan, dan pada teori batas dengan mengidentifikasi pergeseran kerja batas dari spasial ke temporal-psikologis. Rekomendasi berbasis bukti dan agenda riset disediakan untuk lingkungan kerja digital yang berkelanjutan, setara, dan manusiawi.
Keywords
Work-From-Anywhere; technostress; kelelahan digital; manajemen batas; sistem sosial-teknis
References
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Giesbers, B., Rienties, B., Tempelaar, D., & Gijselaers, W. (2014). A dynamic analysis of the interplay between asynchronous and synchronous communication in online learning: The impact of motivation. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 30(1), 30–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12020
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