Birokrasi di Industri Pariwisata Indonesia: Kendala dan Upaya Perbaikannya
Abstract
The Indonesian tourism industry is vital to the country's economy, yet it grapples with bureaucratic constraints hindering its growth. This study aims to analyze bureaucratic structures, processes, and improvement efforts within the Indonesian tourism sector. Employing qualitative research methods using secondary data, the study examines the understanding of bureaucratic structures, the impact of inefficiencies on businesses and investment, improvement efforts, and actionable recommendations for enhancing tourism development. Findings reveal complex bureaucratic processes governed by institutional norms and policy implementations. Inefficiencies, such as lengthy permitting procedures and regulatory inconsistencies, deter investment and disrupt business operations. Improvement efforts include policy diffusion, innovation diffusion, inter-agency coordination, regulatory reforms, and public-private partnerships. Actionable recommendations emphasize the importance of collaboration, regulatory reforms, capacity-building initiatives, and publicprivate partnerships to streamline bureaucracy and foster tourism development in Indonesia. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of bureaucratic dynamics in the Indonesian tourism industry and offers insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers
Keywords
bureaucracy, bureaucratic structures, Indonesian tourism industry, policy implementations
References
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Bemelmans-Videc, M.-L., Rist, R. C., & Vedung, E. O. (2011). Carrots, sticks, and sermons: Policy instruments and their evaluation (Vol. 1). Transaction Publishers.
Berry, F. S., & Berry, W. D. (2018). Innovation and diffusion models in policy research. Theories of the Policy Process, 253–297.
Bryson, J., & George, B. (2020). Strategic management in public administration. In Oxford research encyclopedia: politics (pp. 1–26). Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
De Vita, G., & Kyaw, K. S. (2017). Tourism specialization, absorptive capacity, and economic growth. Journal of Travel Research, 56(4), 423–435.
Dredge, D., & Jenkins, J. M. (2007). Tourism planning and policy. John Wiley & Sons.
Fadli, M., Susilo, E., Puspitawati, D., Ridjal, A. M., Maharani, D. P., & Liemanto, A. (2022).
Sustainable tourism as a development strategy in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Tourism & Development Studies, 10(1).
Glyptis, L., Christofi, M., Vrontis, D., Del Giudice, M., Dimitriou, S., & Michael, P. (2020). EGovernment implementation challenges in small countries: The project manager’s perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 152, 119880.
Hadiyanto, H. (2019). Bureaucratic barriers to sustainable tourism development in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(1), 12–24.
Hartono, A. (2020). Pendekatan partisipatif dalam mengatasi tantangan prosedur administratif di industri pariwisata. Jurnal Administrasi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 15(3), 211–240.
Hill, M., & Hupe, P. (2021). Implementing public policy: An introduction to the study of operational governance. Sage.
Huijgh, E. (2017). Indonesia’s “Intermestic” public diplomacy: features and future. Politics & Policy, 45(5), 762–792.
Iqbal, M., & Jogja, A. (2018). Bureaucratic constraints on tourism investment in Indonesia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(9), 1–10.
Kickert, W. J. M., Koppenjan, J. F. M., & Klijn, E.-H. (1997). Managing complex networks: Strategies for the public sector.
Lee, J., & Tan, S. (2018). Efisiensi birokrasi di sektor pariwisata Asia Tenggara: Studi komparatif. Tourism Management Journal, 37(2), 145–160.
Lingard, R. (2016). Tourism and sustainable development: the impact on Indonesia’s economy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(6), 789–805.
Malodia, S., Dhir, A., Mishra, M., & Bhatti, Z. A. (2021). Future of e-Government: An integrated conceptual framework. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121102.
Munandar, A. et al. (2021). Strengthening community resilience through tourism development: Lessons from Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 45–62.
Nelson, P., Roberts, T., & Martin, L. (2021). Digital transformation in tourism: A pathway to overcoming bureaucratic challenges. Journal of Digital Economy, 5(2), 113–130.
Nurrohim, H. et al. (2020). Community participation in tourism planning and development: A case study of Indonesia. Tourism Management Perspectives, 3(6), 1–10.
Pacheco-Vega, R. (2020). Environmental regulation, governance, and policy instruments, 20 years after the stick, carrot, and sermon typology. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 22(5), 620–635.
Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. (2015). External control of organizations—Resource dependence perspective. In Organizational behavior 2 (pp. 355–370). Routledge.
Pramusinto, A., & Quah, J. S. (2016). Weak central authority and fragmented bureaucracy: A study of policy implementation in Indonesia. The Role of the Public Bureaucracy in Policy Implementation in Five ASEAN Countries, 9, 98.
Pratama, Y. (2019). Survei kuantitatif tentang hambatan administratif di industri pariwisata Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pariwisata, 22(1), 87–102.
Purnaweni, H., & Pramono, H. (2019). Environmental regulation and sustainable tourism development in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2100–2117.
Reindrawati, D. Y. (2023). Challenges of community participation in tourism planning in developing countries. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2164240.
Rhama, A., & Setiawan, I. (2020). Public-private partnerships in Indonesian tourism: A pathway to overcoming bureaucratic inefficiencies. Journal of Southeast Asian Economic
Development, 12(1), 70–85.
Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2014). Diffusion of innovations. In An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 432–448). Routledge.
Sarjito, A. (2023). The influence of social media on public administration. Jurnal Terapan Pemerintahan Minangkabau, 3(2), 106–117.
Schoenefeld, J. J., Schulze, K., & Bruch, N. (2022). The diffusion of climate change adaptation policy. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 13(3), e775.
Scott, W. R. (2013). Institutions and organizations: Ideas, interests, and identities. Sage publications.
Setiawan, B., & Riyadi, M. (2016). Analisis peraturan pariwisata dan implikasi birokrasi di Indonesia: Studi kasus. Journal of Public Policy and Tourism, 14(4), 311–328.
Setiawan, R. I. (2016). Pengembangan sumber daya manusia di bidang pariwisata: perspektif potensi wisata daerah berkembang. Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen Terapan (PENATARAN),
1(1), 23–35.
Tang, Z. (2015). Coral reef conservation and tourism in Southeast Asia. Marine Policy Journal, 58, 78–85.
Temenggung, D., Saputro, A., Rinaldi, R., & Pane, D. (2021). Managing recovery and seizing reform opportunities. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 57(1), 1–28.
Turner, M., Prasojo, E., & Sumarwono, R. (2022). The challenge of reforming big bureaucracy in Indonesia. Policy Studies, 43(2), 333–351.
Wahyuni, S., Taufik, A. A., & Hui, F. K. P. (2020). Exploring key variables of port competitiveness: evidence from Indonesian ports. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 30(5), 529–553.
Widiastuti, T. (2020). Promoting sustainable tourism through regulatory reforms: Insights from Indonesia. Sustainability, 12(21), 1–15.
Williamson, O. E. (1981). The economics of organization: The transaction cost approach. American Journal of Sociology, 87(3), 548–577.
WTTC. (2019). Travel & tourism economic impact 2019: Indonesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31845/jwk.v28i2.932
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